 |
| SNET 2005 El Salvador |
Tuesday, March 18, 2014
Map of Soil in El Salvador
The current map of El Salvador shows the different kinds of soil all over the terrain it have been done from the Agricultural Agency.
 |
| SNET 2007-DGRNR 1985 |
Peer viewed about animals and ecosystem
“Globalization is often associated
with deforestation, but its impacts on forest recovery are less known” (Susanna
B. Hecht). This article
analyzed socioeconomic data, land-use surveys, and satellite imagery to monitor
changes in woody cover in El Salvador from the early 1990s to the present. "Even where rural
population density exceeded 250 people per square kilometer, they documented a
22% increase in the area with more than 30% tree cover, and a 7% increase in
the area with more than 60% tree cover," (Susanna B. Hecht). The results may seem surprising to many conservationists who
most often associate globalization with deforestation and degradation of
old-growth forests. Hecht and Saatchi argue that “the roles of economic and
social trends like globalization and remittances on forest recovery have so far
been overlooked.” Globalization and Forest Resurgence: Changes in Forest
Cover in El Salvador Article
Diarrhea Outbreak during U.S. Military Training in El Salvador (click here)
This article was writing in order to show how animals like flies are affecting people with diseases such as diarrhea it is related to the environment because people are killing frogs and toads that are in charge of keep the environment clean from the excesive number of insects misquotes and zancudos all of this disturbance that are occuring is because we are taking one animal from a place and the balance in habitat have been broken.
Peer reviewed Ecosystem Articles
EL ECOSISTEMA DE MANGLAR DE LA BAHÍA DE JIQUILISCO SECTOR OCCIDENTAL (Click here to preview art.)
This article shows the work that the non-profit organizations are doing all of the way to the coast in order to improve the the quality for thousands of animals that migrate to those areas during the winter season in the North side of the planet. This article mentioned specifically the biggest mangrove zone of Central America that also mean the larges ecosystem of the zone.
PATRIMONIO NATURAL DE AMÉRICA LATINA HISTORIA ECOLÓGICA Y FORMAS DE MEDICIÓN (click here)
This article shows the work that the non-profit organizations are doing all of the way to the coast in order to improve the the quality for thousands of animals that migrate to those areas during the winter season in the North side of the planet. This article mentioned specifically the biggest mangrove zone of Central America that also mean the larges ecosystem of the zone.
PATRIMONIO NATURAL DE AMÉRICA LATINA HISTORIA ECOLÓGICA Y FORMAS DE MEDICIÓN (click here)
The study have been founded by CEPAL a Governmental agencies that is looking for improve the aquatic ecosystems and one of them is the Golfo de Fonseca. It study shows the principal areas around the Latin American countries base on their important and characteristics also and the productivity that is offer to the economy of the country. This article have been recollected environmental, social and economic informaion.
Popular Articles El Salvador
Ser humano e impacto ambiental en El Salvador (click her popular article)
It article describe the way of how the management that people do which their land is affecting the the environment it mentioned the crops production and the excessive uses of herbicides and pesticides that it required in order to have a higher production.
It article describe the way of how the management that people do which their land is affecting the the environment it mentioned the crops production and the excessive uses of herbicides and pesticides that it required in order to have a higher production.
ECOSISTEMAS TERRESTRES (click here popular article)
It articles is in charge of describe the different habitats in the terrestrial area it mean the different kind of forest that cover the terrain. In El Salvador specifically the North part is cover by a tremendous amount of virgin vegetation that cross until Honduras border. It article describe the principals characteristics and animals inhabiting there.
Threatened and Endanger Animals at My Community
Jocoaitique is a municipality that has a large biodiversity in Flora and Fauna as well; but there are also some human actions that have been deteriorated all the effort that governmental agencies have been doing in terms of conservation.
Threatened animals are a long list such us:
- Armadillo---Cingulata---Cusuco
 |
| Salvanatura 2011 |
- Garrobo--Ctenosaura similis--Garrobo
 |
| Salvanatura 2012 |
- Higuana-- Iguana iguana--Iguana
 |
| Salvanatura 2010 |
- Deer--Cervidae--Venado
 |
| Salvanatura 2009 |
The one with highest level of Endanger in my community are the Frogs and Toad (amphibians)
- Frogs--Anura-- Rana
Salvanatura 2008
- Toad--Bufo bufo--Sapo
 |
| Salvanatura 2009 |
Monday, March 17, 2014
Ecosystem of Jocoaitique Morazan
Jocoaitique is a municipality in the department of Morazán, El Salvador. According to the official 2007 census, has a population of 2,877 inhabitants.The municipality covers an area of 51.85 km ² and has a header altitude of 680 meters.
Jocoaitique is surrounding by splendorous mountains it is located in a place where the dry season is pretty much hot and the wet is really windy the larger ecosystem here is located along the Arauter river a place that contribute to many habitats; starting with insects and ending with big mammals such as tigers. It place is considerate a protected area of the municipality and is located at 30 minutes walking from the city. It has nice trails and enormous variety of plants and birds leave there. Aruter river is conciderated one of the most important virgin rivers of all department and country.
Jocoaitique is surrounding by splendorous mountains it is located in a place where the dry season is pretty much hot and the wet is really windy the larger ecosystem here is located along the Arauter river a place that contribute to many habitats; starting with insects and ending with big mammals such as tigers. It place is considerate a protected area of the municipality and is located at 30 minutes walking from the city. It has nice trails and enormous variety of plants and birds leave there. Aruter river is conciderated one of the most important virgin rivers of all department and country.
 |
| Casa de la Cultura Jocoaitique 2011 This is one of the tallest waterfalls at Morazan department called Salto de Amaya |
Images of Ecosystems at El Salvador
 |
| Figure 8 Diario El Salvador 2010 This picture shows the Mangrove areas of the coastal zone El Salvador |
 |
| Aristides Rodriguez 2012 The fallowing images shows one of the biggest ecosystems of El Salvador The Jiquilisco bay |
 |
| Figure 10 Arquimides Romero 2009 Creeks and rivers of El Salvador |
 |
| Figure 11 La Prensa Grafica 2008 Rocky area on the sides of the volcanoes |
 |
| Figure 12 Jose Gimenez 2009 It represent the Island where birds migration take place |
 |
| Grasslands Monitoring 2007 |
Latitude and Longitude of Jocoaitique
Latitude 13 54' 32" N
Longitude: 88 09' 34" W
Longitude: 88 09' 34" W
 |
| Figure 6 ALcaldia de Jocoaitique 2008 |
Highest and Lower elevation points El Salvador
El Cerro El Pital (Pital hill) 2.730 msnm
Conejo Island the lowest point 0 msnm (different points here)
List of Average Rainfall in Biomes of El Salvador
This table has the intent of show the average rainfall through a year in El Salvador all of this information was collected
 |
| Figure 4 From SNET El Salvador 2009 |
Average Temperatures and List of the Biomes at El Salvador
 |
| Figure 3 From SNET El Salvador 2008
The present table shows the 20 biomes at El Salvador also it present the average temperature at those areas during the 2008 year
|
Map of Biomes at El Salvador
 |
| Figure 2 SNET EL SALVADOR 2007 |
Map of El Salvador
.png) |
| Figure. 1 Orlin Placido 2007 |
Sunday, March 9, 2014
Lab 6 Evolution and Adaptations
Explain adaptive
radiation and how the different paper forms made by the “finches” helped or
hurt that particular “finch species”.
Adaptive radiation “is when one species, due to
a sudden change in environment, quickly evolves into many offspring species”.
Adaptive radiation occurs when a species is dislocated to a
different location than it has typically inhabited, and has to adapt quickly or
die out. The location may not have the same ecological set-up as the place that
the species was used to
A classic example of adaptive radiation is Darwin's finches.
“Adaptive radiation was basically discovered by Charles Darwin when he saw the
finches on the Galápagos Islands had the same basic features (hence,
were descendants of a parent species) but had adapted to different
environments”. As individuals from the mother species moved to different areas
of the islands, some of them had the need to smash rocks to get food, so birds
with big, tough beaks were selected for. Others had the need to dig for bugs,
so long, skinny beaks were selected for. The needs of the birds selected for
their traits over generations, giving them different phenotypes.
Phenotypes:
“Phenotypes as relating to what the birds had to eat (hence, what beaks the early birds were selected for because of what they were able to eat)”
Phenotypes:
“Phenotypes as relating to what the birds had to eat (hence, what beaks the early birds were selected for because of what they were able to eat)”
Ads by BetterMarkIt. 2001. Adaptive
Radiation: Darwin's Finches. Library of Evolution. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/6/l_016_02.html. Visited: 3/8/14
Fill out the fallowing table with your groups data at the end of the natural selection experiment
Table 1
|
The number of prey species (candy types)for each generation
|
||||
Generation
|
Number of
Milk way
|
Number of
Musketeers
|
Number of
Snickers
|
Number of
Twix
|
Total number
Of survivors
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
3
|
8
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
|
3
|
2
|
1
|
3
|
||
4
|
1
|
1
|
|||
5
|
|||||
Table 2
|
The percent of surviving prey (candy types)for each generation
|
||||
Generation
|
% of
|
% of
|
% of
|
% of
|
|
Milk way
|
Musketeers
|
Snickers
|
Twix
|
||
1
|
12.5
|
25
|
25
|
37.5
|
|
2
|
33.3333333
|
33.3333333
|
33.3333333
|
||
3
|
66.6666667
|
33.3333333
|
|||
4
|
100
|
||||
5
|
|||||
With the" prey" survival data you collect, graph survivorship over time by each species.
Explain how
behavioral adaptations may lead to genetic changes in a population.
“Genetic change is what occurs in a population when natural
selection acts on the genetic variability of the population;
moreover, some mutations may create genetic variation that will lead to
differing characteristics of offspring and hence abet adaptation.”
By this means, the
population adapts genetically to its circumstances. Genetic changes
may result in visible structures, or may adjust physiological
activity in a way that suits the changed habitat. The organism has to be
adapted over time for example at the time that climate change is occurring the
organisms are doing evolution and some are disappeared for this reason they are
creating a new genetic changes one of them is When a habitat changes, the most
common thing to happen is that the resident population moves to another locale
which suits it; this is the typical response of flying insects or oceanic
organisms, who have wide (though not unlimited) opportunity for movement
Ads by BetterMarkIt. 2001. Adaptive
Radiation: Darwin's Finches. Library of Evolution. Available at: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/01/6/l_016_02.html. Visited: 3/8/14
A species that has a behavioral adaptation that may allow
its predator not to be able to eat it or find it. Explain what this behavioral
adaption is
 |
Figure 1 National Geographic
|
Chimpanzees work together with closely
related kin to protect their territory. Defending territory from rivals
(known as territoriality) is a learnt adaptive behavior performed by several
ecological species.
A species that has a physical
characteristic that allows it to survive in cold weather.
 |
Figure 2 YPT
|
Arctic Land Mammals
It is vital for a mammal, being a ‘warm-blooded’ vertebrate, to keep warm
in order to maintain its body at a constant temperature.
A species that has a physical
adaptation that allows it to survive
 |
Figure 3 Photograph by Barry Rice
|
A cricket crawls toward the leaves of a Venus flytrap that can shut
tight, trapping the insect.
An example of mutualism in nature
 |
Figure 4 National Geographic
|
Clownfish and a sea anemone; the sea anemone would protect the
clownfish from predators by using its tentacles to paralyze with discharged
cynoblasts(shocks) and then ingesting them. Clownfish would defend the anemone
from Butterflyfish which eat the anemone.
An
example of mimicry in nature
 |
Figure 5 Dumage
|
Insects are common examples of mimicry. Insects can be so blend with
their surroundings that sometimes we can not recognize them. Some insects
can have the appearance of twigs, leaf, bark, wood and some may simply be the
same color as their habitat.
This insect looks like a dried leaf, and the
shape and color.This is a great camouflageagainst predators who will go next to
him thinking he is the most common leaf.
Specie that in El Salvador that
has adapted
 |
Figure 6 Especies Amenazadas en El Salvador
|
Orchids. (Orchidaceae); this type of plant can be found in various parts
of the world, in our country can also be viewed Orchid species diversity in
almost any area of the country. This is because most orchids have adapted to
different climates and habitats.
Source:
Saturday, March 1, 2014
Graphing Assignment
The purpose of this exercise is to practice how to introduce data in a excel data sheet and from it make graphs according with the information.
Pie Graph about seven countries in the world with more population
Line Graph of Average Rainfall in El Salvador by Months
Bar Graph comparison the unemployment range in El Salvador between Man and Woman
Source:
Microsoft Excel 2007 and demographic data El Salvador
A Perez. 2012. Estudios Internacionales y Estrategicos. Available at: http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org.visited: 3/1/14
Sunday, February 9, 2014
Lab #5 Germination and Productivity
Purpose
This Lab is to calculate the
germination and total plant growth in heights of the radish seeds.
This Lab has two treatment one in
the normal light conditions and the other one in total darkness
Question
Can Plants germinate in the dark?
Hypothesis
Seeds do not germinate in the dark
Method
There were 4 groups in charge of
plants in order to have four different samples two in normal light and two in
the darkness. Each group planted four seeds (Tuesday January 21) per cup in 36
cups for every sample; in order to have repetition.
This week in lab is going to be
focus and the germination part. It wills considerate a seed germinated when is
successfully sprouts into the seedling. When all of the data is collected is
possible to calculate the percent of germination the process will be taking the total number of seeds germinated
and dividing that by the total number of seeds planted, and then multiplying it
by 100. Moreover is necessary to measure the distance between the soil and
the tip of the plant in centimeters
The section two
is about calculations of GPP and NPP of the plants by weighing the plants
(mass) in grams and then put those plants in the toaster oven in order to
represent when the plants loss their energy it will take 2 to 5 minutes; after
dry the seedlings those have to be re-weigh.
Here the process is to apply the
Formula NPP+R=GPP where NPP is the total up the dry weight of the light
treatment samples and the R stand for the total up weight of all the dark treatment
samples. The last step of the Lab is about compare the two treatment samples in
growth and differences in appearance.
What was our control for this experiment?
The experiment of germination y
productivity was carried out in the dark with radish seeds at the same time a
control experiment with radish seeds was placed on the sunlight. The same
amount of time, seed, and dirt was selected for the experiment and the control
the purpose was to know the influence of sun light in plants in order to
determinate grow and quality o germination.
Light
treatment, percent germination
69/144 * 100 = 47.9% = 48%
Dark treatment, percent germination
50/144*100=34.7% = 35%
Difference in appearance in the dark treatment and the light treatment
The plants that were exposed to the light treatment have a light
green looking while the plants in the dark treatment looked like
fall-yellowish. Both plants germinated but the one in the light has a better
look and a stand up position having a signal of been alive.
If there was growth in the dark treatment plants, explain
why that growth may have taken place.
The plants in the dark treatment grew because seeds do not
need to photosynthesis to germinate. The embryo inside the seed use the energy
stored to germinate and when leaves are up the chloroplasts in it needs the
sunlight to do photosynthesis and continue to grow.
The Director of the studies, Tilman Lamparter, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT).Says "The plants developed in the dark as if
they were in light," “The seeds and seedlings of thale cress were fed with
a synthetic substance named 15Ea-phycocyanobilin. In the plant cell, this
substance replaces the natural, photoactive component of the photoreceptor, the
"phytochromobilin". Incorporation of 15Ea-PCBactivates the
photoreceptor and the plant is made believe it is exposed to light. In spite of
the darkness, they grow as they were in the light”.
- Weight before dry 8.9g
- Weight after dry 1.9 g
- Loss 7g NPP+R=GPP
- Duration 5min 1.9+50%= 3.8
- Temperature 400F
Looking for Respiration
Data__________
Loss weight: 7g. 8.9g-----------100
Weight before dry: 8.9g. 7g-------------X
100% X= 7
Light Treatment
Weight before dry 11.4g
Weight after fry 2.0g
Loss 9.4g NPP+R=GPP
Duration 7min 2 + 50% = 4
Temperature 400F
Looking for Respiration
Data__________
Loss weight: 9.4g. 11.4g-----------100
Weight before dry: 11.4g. 9.4g-------------X
100% X= 9.4
X= 82.45% Respiration
Result.
Base on all of the data in necessary to conclude that those plants didn't need the light in order to grow, but the grow rate was less than the ones that were exposed to light.
 |
| Plants that were in the dark |
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)